Rutile vs Anatase Titanium Dioxide: Itandukaniro ni irihe kandi ni irihe wahitamo

Ibyerekeye Umwanditsi

[Umwanditsi] Wang Leyang -- Impuguke mu bijyanye no gusaba serivisi za tekiniki, SUN BANG TiO2

Uburambe bw'imyaka 10+ mu gukoresha tekiniki ya titanium dioxide mu nganda zikora irangi, pulasitiki, kabutike, n'impapuro. Yibanda ku kunoza imikorere ya TiO2 ya rutile na anatase, guhitamo amanota, no kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga. Yafashije amatsinda y'abatanga amasoko n'abatekinisiye mu bihugu birenga 20 mu guhitamo ibicuruzwa bya TiO2 bikwiye mu nganda zabo.

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TL;DR -- Ibintu by'ingenzi by'ingenzi

> Rutile TiO2 ifite igipimo cyo hejuru cyo kurekura urumuri (2.76 ugereranije na 2.55), irwanya cyane imirasire ya UV, kandi ni yo mahitamo asanzwe ku bitambaro byo hanze, pulasitiki, ndetse n'ibindi byose bisaba kuramba igihe kirekire.

> Anatase TiO2 ihendutse cyane ku kigero cya 15-20% mu kuyikora, itanga ibara ryoroshye, ry’ubururu gato nk’umweru rikunzwe gukoreshwa mu mpapuro no mu nzu, ariko yangiza ibikoresho bifunga umwimerere iyo bihuye n’imirasire y’imirasire ya UV.

> Itandukaniro rimwe ry'ingenzi mu bya tekiniki ni imikorere ya fotokatalisiti: anatase ikora fotokatalisiti inshuro zigera ku 10 kurusha rutile, ibyo bigatuma ikara, gutakaza ubwiza bw'urumuri, n'amabara ashira mu bikorwa byo hanze.

> Rutile ikora 85-90% by'umusaruro wa TiO2 ku isi; anatase ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu mpapuro, amarangi yo mu nzu, rabha, na masterbatch ihendutse aho ikwirakwizwa n'imirasire y'izuba rikabije riba rito cyane.

> Ku baguzi ba B2B, guhitamo ubwoko butari bwo bwa kristale mu gushyira hanze akenshi bituma ibicuruzwa binanirwa mu mezi 12-24 -- ikosa rishobora gutwara amafaranga menshi kurusha itandukaniro ry’ibiciro bya mbere hagati y’amanota.

Rutile vs Anatase: Igisubizo kigufi

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya rutile na dioxyde ya titanium ya anatase riterwa n'ikintu kimwe cy'ingenzi: imiterere ya kristu. Zombi ni TiO2 mu buryo bwa shimi -- atome zimwe za titanium na ogisijeni -- ariko zitondetse mu buryo butandukanye bw'ijometri zitanga imiterere itandukanye cyane y'urumuri n'iya shimi.

Rutile ifite agace k’urukiramende gakomeye kandi gafite ubugari bunini. Buri atome ya titaniyumu ikikijwe n’atome esheshatu za ogisijeni mu buryo buhindagurika gato bwa octahedral. Ubu buryo bufatanye butuma rutile iba ifite igipimo cyo hejuru cyo kugarura ubushyuhe (2.76), ikagira ubushobozi bwo kuguma mu buryo burambye, kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwo gukaranga ikirere ku buryo bukabije. Anatase ifite imiterere ya kristu idafunguye kandi idakomeye cyane ifite igipimo cya tetragonal gitanga igipimo cyo kugarura ubushyuhe cya 2.55 n’inshuro zigera ku 10 z’igipimo cyo kugarura ubushyuhe cya rutile.

>> Igisubizo Nugget: Rutile na anatase ni ubwoko bubiri bwa kristu bw'ikinyabutabire kimwe (TiO2). Rutile ni ndende cyane, ihamye, ifite igipimo cyo hejuru cyo kugarura ubushyuhe (2.76 vs 2.55), kandi ni yo ngamba ikoreshwa mu nganda zo hanze. Anatase yoroshye, ikora neza, kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda aho kwibasirwa n'imirasire y'izuba ari bike kandi igiciro ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi.

Rutile vs Anatase: Igereranya ry'ingano

Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza igereranya ry’ibintu 12 bya tekiniki. Buri gipimo cyavuzwe gishingiye ku makuru yatangajwe mu nganda kandi cyemezwa binyuze mu buryo busanzwe bwo gupima bwa ASTM/ISO.

Umutungo	Rutile TiO2	Anatase TiO2
Igipimo cy'ikirahure	2.76 (ibara ry'umweru riri hejuru cyane kurusha ibara iryo ari ryo ryose)	2.55
Ubucucike (g/cm3)	4.26	3.90
Ubukomere (igipimo cya Mohs)	6.5 - 7.0	5.5 - 6.0
Igikorwa cyo gufotora (Photocatalytic)	Hasi (ibanze)	~10x hejuru ya rutile
Inkombe yo kwinjiza UV	~410 nm	~385 nm
Ubudahangarwa bw'ikirere	Nibyiza cyane -- birakwiriye imyaka 25+ yo hanze	Bidakora neza nta kuvura ubuso
Umucyo (Hunter L)	Ubusanzwe 94 - 96	Ubusanzwe 93 - 95
Ijwi ryoroheje	Umuhondo n'umweru gato	Ubururu-umweru gato
Uburyo bwo kwinjiza amavuta (g/100g)	15 - 22	18 - 25
Ibikubiye muri TiO2 (bisanzwe)	>= 93%	>= 98%
Umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa	~ 85-90% by'umusaruro ku isi	~ 10-15% by'umusaruro ku isi
Ikiguzi kigereranijwe	Umurongo w'ibanze (wisumbuyeho)	15-20% biri hasi ugereranyije na rutile ingana nayo

 

Impamvu Rutile ari yo ngamba ngenderwaho mu bijyanye n'inganda mu bijyanye no gukoresha hanze

>> Igisubizo Nugget: Rutile TiO2 ikoreshwa cyane hanze (imyambaro, pulasitiki, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi) kuko imiterere yayo ikomeye ya kristu itanga uturemangingo duto cyane iyo ihura n'imirasire ya UV, ikarinda kwangirika kw'ingwa, gutakaza ubwiza, no kwangirika kw'ibice byayo bitewe n'izuba rya anatase TiO2.

Nabonye ibi bikorwa mu mishinga nyayo inshuro nyinshi cyane kurusha uko nabara. Mu 2018, uruganda rukora amarangi rwo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba rwahinduye irangi rya TiO2 rihendutse riva kuri rutile yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rujya kuri anatase TiO2 ihendutse kugira ngo bagabanyirize ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho fatizo ku nkuta ku madolari agera ku $180 kuri toni. Mu mezi 14, abakwirakwiza amarangi yabo bari buzuye ibirego: amafilimi y'irangi yari arimo gushonga, amabara yari yazimye, kandi rimwe na rimwe irangi ryari ryatakaje ubushobozi bwo gufunga ku buryo ryashoboraga gukurwaho n'urutoki.

Impamvu nyamukuru ni photocatalysis. Iyo TiO2 yinjije urumuri rwa UV, ikora electron-hole pairs zihuza n'amazi na ogisijeni ku buso bw'ibara kugira ngo zikore hydroxyl radicals (OH-) na superoxide anions (O2-). Izi nyoni zikora ogisijeni zirwanya organic polymer binder mu irangi na pulasitiki, zigaca iminyururu ya molekile kandi bigatera kwangirika buhoro buhoro. Kubera ko anatase ifite icyuho cya band kingana na 3.2 eV (ugereranije na 3.0 eV kuri rutile), yinjiza igice kinini cya UV spectrum kandi ikora rapid radicals zikora inshuro zigera ku 10.

Iri si itandukaniro rito ry’ubuziranenge -- ni ukudahuza kw’ibanze hagati y’ibisabwa mu burambe bwa anatase TiO2 n’ibyo hanze. TiO2 yo mu rwego rwa Rutile, cyane cyane iyo ikoreshejwe alumina (Al2O3) cyangwa silica (SiO2) irashya, ituma utu duce duhinduka kandi ikagabanya ibikorwa bya photocatalytic ku rwego rwemewe n’ubucuruzi. Dukurikije ISO 591-1, amanota ya rutile agenewe gukoreshwa hanze agomba kutagira ingwa igaragara nyuma y’amasaha 2.000 y’ihindagurika ry’ikirere (QUV-B cyangwa xenon arc testing kuri ASTM G154).

Aho Anatase TiO2 ari yo mahitamo meza kurusha ayandi

>> Igisubizo Nugget: Anatase TiO2 itanga ibyiza byihariye mu bice bitatu: gukora impapuro (aho ibara ryayo ryoroshye, ry'ubururu n'umweru byongera urumuri rugaragara ku giciro gito), amarangi yo mu nzu (aho hatagaragara UV), hamwe n'ikoreshwa rya bimwe mu byuma bya rubber na fibre (aho ubushobozi bwo gupima ibiciro buruta ibisabwa mu kuramba).

Kugira ngo tugaragaze neza anatase, si ikintu cyoroshye -- ni ikintu gitandukanye cyagenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Urugero, mu gukora impapuro, amanota ya anatase agize uruhare runini mu ikoreshwa rya TiO2 kuko ijwi ry'ubururu gato rya anatase rirwanya ibara ry'umuhondo karemano ry'imigozi y'ibiti, bigatuma urupapuro rugaragara neza cyane hatabayeho gukoresha ibikoresho bitanga urumuri. Amanota ya Anatase TiO2 yagenewe impapuro akenshi atanga urumuri ruri hejuru ya 10-15% kuri buri gipimo cy'uburemere ugereranije na karubone karubone ku rwego rumwe rw'umutwaro.

Mu gukoresha rabha - cyane cyane amapine y'umweru ku nkuta, imikandara y'inkweto, n'ubutaka bwa rabha - anatase TiO2 ikunze gukundwa kuko ibara ryera ryoroshye gato ritanga irangi ryiza cyane, kandi matrix ya rabha ubwayo itanga uburinzi bwa UV binyuze mu mukara wa karuboni cyangwa ibindi byuzuza mu gice cy'uruvange. Inyungu ihenze ya anatase (ubusanzwe iri hasi ya 15-20% kuri toni ugereranije n'iy'ubwoko bwa rutile) ituma iba amahitamo meza mu bukungu iyo UV iramba icungwa n'ibindi bice biri muri iyo formula.

Itandukaniro mu mikorere y'umusaruro hagati ya Rutile na Anatase

>> Igisubizo Nugget: Rutile TiO2 ishobora gukorwa binyuze mu buryo bwa sulfate na chloride, mu gihe anatase TiO2 ikorwa binyuze muri sulfate gusa. Imiterere ya kristu igenzurwa n'ubushyuhe bwa calcination: anatase ibaho ku bushyuhe buri hasi (800-900 C), mu gihe rutile ikenera ubushyuhe bwinshi (950-1.100 C) na kristu za rutile zitera imbuto.

Uku gukora bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku isoko. Niba ikoreshwa ryawe risaba anatase TiO2, umucuruzi wawe agomba gukoresha umurongo utunganya sulfate. Inganda zitunganya chloride zikora gusa ingero za rutile. Nubwo sulfate ikora neza mu bijyanye n'umusaruro wa kristu, ikora toni zigera kuri 3-4 z'imyanda ya sulfate heptahydrate (umuringa) kuri toni ya TiO2 ikorwa, ibyo bikaba bitwara ikiguzi cyo gucunga ibidukikije kigaragara mu giciro cy'isoko.

Muri SUN BANG, dutanga umusaruro ku bahanga bakoresha ikoranabuhanga ryombi. Ubu buryo bwo kubona ibintu bibiri bivuze ko dushobora gutanga amanota ya anatase ku giciro cyiza cyane mu gihe tunatanga amanota ya rutile yo mu buryo bwa chloride mu gihe abakiriya bakeneye cyane cyane ikwirakwizwa ry’ibice by’ibumba rito n’urumuri rwinshi rutangwa na chloride. Nta buryo bumwe "bwiza" bwo gukora -- hari umusaruro ukwiriye gusa ku ikoreshwa ryawe.

Uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikubiye muri TiO2 yawe

>> Igisubizo Nugget: Ijanisha ry'imiterere ya rutile crystal mu gipimo cya TiO2 rishobora kwemezwa hakoreshejwe isesengura rya X-ray diffraction (XRD), nk'uko ASTM D3720 ibivuga. Ingano za rutile zo mu bucuruzi ubusanzwe ziba zirimo >= 98% bya rutile, mu gihe ingano za anatase ziba zirimo >= 98% bya anatase. Uruvange rwose rw'imiterere ya crystal mu itsinda rimwe ni ikimenyetso cy'ubwiza.

Mu bunararibonye bwanjye bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa bya TiO2, kimwe mu bibazo bikunze kugaragara mu bwiza ni ubwandu bwa kristu -- ubwandu bwa anatase mu byoherezwa mu rwego rwa rutile, cyangwa se 5% by'ubwandu bwa anatase mu rwego rwa rutile bushobora kugabanya mu buryo bungana ubudahangarwa bw'ikirere mu bicuruzwa byarangiye. Niyo mpamvu isesengura rya XRD rigomba kuba igice cya buri tegeko rigenzura ubuziranenge ku baguzi ba B2B bakoresha TiO2 mu bikorwa byo hanze.

Uretse XRD, ikizamini cyoroshye cyo gusuzuma gishobora gutanga igenzura ryihuse ry’ubutaka: gukwirakwiza agace gato ka TiO2 mu ruhu rw’izuba rusobanutse no kubishyira ku zuba ryo hanze cyangwa ku itara rya UV mu gihe cy’amasaha 48-72. Icyitegererezo cya rutile kizagaragaza umuhondo muto cyangwa ingwa, mu gihe icyitegererezo kirimo anatase kizatangira kugaragaza kwangirika kugaragara. Ubu si ugusimbura XRD yo muri laboratwari, ariko ni uburyo bufatika nigishije amatsinda menshi y’abatanga amasoko agomba kugenzura ibyoherejwe mbere yo kwemera koherezwa.

Ni iyihe ugomba guhitamo? Uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo

Nyuma y'imyaka 10 nfasha abakiriya gufata icyemezo nk'iki, nashyizeho uburyo bworoshye bwo gusubiza ibi bibazo bitatu:

Gahunda y'ibyemezo

1. Ese ibicuruzwa byawe bizahura n'urumuri rw'imirasire y'izuba rwo hanze?

Niba ari YEGO -> Hitamo rutile. Igihe. Ikiguzi cyo gutsindwa (gusubiza ibicuruzwa, kwangirika kw'ikirango, ibirego by'ingwate) kirenze itandukaniro ry'igiciro ukurikije amabwiriza menshi.

Niba ari OYA -> Jya ku kibazo cya 2.

2. Ese ikoreshwa mu mpapuro, mu irangi ryo mu nzu, cyangwa mu irangi rya kabutike?

Niba ari YEGO -> Anatase ishobora kuba ari yo ihendutse cyane. Ijwi ryayo ryoroshye, ry'ubururu n'umweru rikunze gutanga ibisubizo byiza muri izi porogaramu, kandi kuzigama 15-20% by'ikiguzi byongera inyungu yawe mu buryo butaziguye.

Niba ari OYA -> Jya ku kibazo cya 3.

3. Ese imiterere yawe isanzwe irimo ibintu bikomeye bitera imbaraga zo gupima UV bisimbura imikorere ya TiO2?

Niba ari YEGO -> Anatase ishobora kubaho, ariko ugomba gukora ibizamini byihuse byo gusuzuma ikirere (QUV-B, amasaha arenga 2.000 kuri buri ISO 591-1) mbere yo kwiyemeza gukora ingano y'umusaruro.

Niba OYA cyangwa UTIZEYE -> Hitamo rutile. Ikiguzi cyiyongereyeho kuri toni ni ubwishingizi ku ibura ry'ibicuruzwa.

>> Igisubizo Nugget: Hitamo rutile iyo ari yo yose ikoreshwa ihura n'izuba. Hitamo anatase yo gukoresha impapuro zo mu nzu, amarangi yo mu nzu, na rabha aho UV idahari kandi amafaranga yo kuzigama angana na 15-20% ni ingirakamaro. Iyo ushidikanya, gerageza ukoresheje ihindagurika ryihuse ry'ikirere mbere yo kwiyemeza -- ikiguzi cyo kubikora nabi gishobora kurenza inshuro 10 z'itandukaniro ry'igiciro.

Amakosa atatu asanzwe abaguzi ba B2B bakora bakoresheje Rutile vs Anatase

Ikosa rya 1: Guhitamo hashingiwe ku giciro cyonyine. "TiO2 ihendutse" ntabwo ari cyo gipimo gikwiye cyo guhitamo. Nabonye abaguzi bazigama $200 kuri toni ku bikoresho fatizo ariko bagatakaza $50.000 ku bicuruzwa byasubijwe. Buri gihe fata amafaranga ukurikije ibisabwa mu gukoresha, ntabwo ari ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho.

Ikosa rya 2: Gutekereza ko rutile zose ari zimwe. Rutile TiO2 zose ntizikora kimwe. Gutunganya ubuso (alumina, silica, zirconia, organic), ingano y'uduce, n'uburyo bwo gukora (sulfate vs chloride) bitanga itandukaniro rikomeye mu mikorere ndetse no mu cyiciro cya rutile. Rutile ikoreshwa muri sulfate mu gusiga irangi imbere mu bwubatsi na rutile ikoreshwa muri chloride mu gusiga irangi hejuru y'imodoka ni ibicuruzwa bitandukanye cyane.

Ikosa rya 3: Kudasaba icyemezo cy'isesengura (COA) kirimo amakuru ya XRD. Buri koherezwa kwa TiO2 bigomba kuza bifite COA irimo igipimo cya rutile gigenwa n'urumuri rwa X-ray. Niba umutanga serivisi adashobora kubikora, shaka umutanga serivisi ubishoboye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Q: Ese nshobora kuvanga rutile na anatase TiO2 mu buryo bumwe?

A: Yego mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, ariko ntibikunze kugirwa inama ku ikoreshwa ry’ubuziranenge. Kuvanga imiterere ya kristale bituma habaho imikorere idasobanutse neza y’ikirere kuko igice cya anatase kizagabanuka vuba, bigatuma habaho utuntu duto muri firime twihutisha gucika burundu kw’ibara. Niba ugomba kuvanga kubera impamvu z’ikiguzi, gabanya anatase kugeza kuri <= 10% by’ibikubiye muri TiO2 kandi ukore igenzura ryihuse ry’ikirere mbere yo gukora.

Q: Rutile ihenze cyane ugereranyije na anatase?

A: Guhera mu kwezi kwa kabiri kwa 2026, rutile TiO2 isanzwe ifite igiciro cya 15-20% ugereranyije n’icyiciro cya anatase kingana n’icyakozwe n’umuhinzi umwe. Ariko, iki giciro kirimo kugabanuka uko ubushobozi bwo gukora anatase bugenda bugabanuka ku isi. Mu masoko amwe, icyuho cy’ibiciro cyagabanutse kigera kuri 10-12% kuko inganda nke zitunganya sulfate zigumana imirongo yihariye ya anatase.

Q: Ese SUN BANG itanga TiO2 ya rutile na anatase?

A: Yego. Dutanga ubwoko bwose bw'ibipimo bya rutile (BR-3669, BR-3668, BR-3663, BR-3662, BR-3661, BCR-858, BCR-856, R-251) byo gusiga, pulasitiki, no gukoresha hanze, hamwe n'ibipimo bya anatase (BA-1220, BA-1221) byatunganyijwe ku mpapuro, amarangi yo mu nzu, na rabara. Ibicuruzwa byose bishyigikiwe n'inyandiko zuzuye za COA harimo no kugenzura ifishi ya kristu ya XRD.

Q: Ese hari uburyo bwo gutandukanya rutile na anatase mu buryo bugaragara?

A: Ntabwo ari inyangamugayo. Zombi ni ifu nziza y'umweru isa neza n'amaso. Rutile ikunda kugira ijwi rishyushye gato, ry'umuhondo, mu gihe anatase yoroshye cyane, ariko iri tandukaniro ntirisobanutse neza kandi ntirizewe mu kugenzura ubuziranenge. Uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'ibikoresho (XRD, cyangwa UV-Vis spectroscopy kuri ASTM D476) ni bwo bwonyine bushobora gutandukanya imiterere ya kristu.

Inyandiko zishingiye ku byo wasomye n'ibindi

* ASTM D476-21 -- Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’ibicuruzwa by’umukungugu bya Titanium Dioxide (harimo ishyirwa mu byiciro bya rutile/anatase)

* ISO 591-1:2000 -- Amabara ya Titanium Dioxide ku marangi -- Igice cya 1: Ibisobanuro n'uburyo bwo gupima

* ASTM D3720-90 (2019) -- Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gupima Igipimo cya Anatase na Rutile muri Titanium Dioxide Pigments hakoreshejwe X-Ray Diffraction

* ASTM G154-23 -- Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gukoresha Igikoresho cy'Amatara ya UV (Fluorescent Ultraviolet) yo Gushyira Ibintu mu Karubohidrati

* Winkler, J. (2013). Titanium Dioxide: Umusaruro, Imiterere n'Ikoreshwa Rinoze. Umuyoboro wa Vincentz. (Incamake y'ikoranabuhanga ku ngaruka z'imiterere ya kristu)

Ukeneye ubufasha bwo guhitamo hagati ya Rutile na Anatase ku busabe bwawe?

Dutanga inama ku buntu ku bijyanye na tekiniki kugira ngo tugufashe kumenya urwego rwa TiO2 rukwiye ku buryo wakoresha. Itsinda ryacu rishobora gutegura ingano y'ibipimo (1-5 kg) by'ubwoko bwa rutile na anatase kugira ngo bisuzumwe iruhande muri laboratwari yawe, hamwe n'inyandiko zose za XRD COA.

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